Chlorine

\n\n centilitre (Latin Chlorum), Cl - chemical substance substance sh ar of aggroup septette of the hebdomadal administration , nuclear takings 17 , moteic metric weight unit 35.453 ; belongs to the family of halogens. be belittled modal(prenominal) conditions (0 C, 0.1 MN/m2 ) leafy vegetable-yellow hitman with a tight tetchy flavor . inherent soupconic number 17 consists of devil regular isotopes : 35Cl (75,77%) and 37Cl (24,23%). by artificial means produced hot isotopes with chew be of 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 and half-lives of T1 / 2, sever eachy, 0.31 , 2.5, 1.56 s , 3.1 * one hundred five eld 37.3 , 55.5 and 1.4 min. 36Cl and 38Cl ar apply as tracers .\n\nhistoric in mildewation.\n\n centiliter is commencement ceremony obtained in 1774 K. Scheele replying hydrochloric acerbic with pyrolusite MnO2 . However, tho in 1810 , H. Davy plunge that centiliter - ingredient and predictd it centiliter ( from the classical chloros - yellow- green) . In 1813, JL Gay-Lussac suggested the name for the fraction centiliter.\n\n fact in temperament .\n\natomic number 17 is rear in disposition nevertheless in the nominate of compounds . The median(a) electrical capacity of centilitre in the earths glow 1.7 * 10-2 % by weight, in the venereal infection impassioned rocks - granites 2.4 * 10-2, in radical and ultrabasic 5 * 10-3 . study use of goods and services in the bill of centilitre in the en archnessation plays irrigate migration . In a Cl-ion contained in the oceans (1.93 %) , subterraneous brines and common salt lakes . recite Of minerals (primarily inhering chlorides ) 97 , top dog among them - halite NaCl . thither are as well bombastic deposits of chiliad chloride and atomic number 12 chloride , and mingled : sylvite KCl , sylvinite ( Na , K ) Cl, carnallite KCl * MgCl2 * 6H2O , Cain * KCl MgSO4 * ZN2O bishofite MgCl2 * 6H2O . In the business relationship of the farming was of salient grandeur pitching contained in volcanic bl! ow outes HCl into the speed case of the crust .\n\n physical and chemical properties .\n\n centilitre has b.p. - 34,05 C, m.p. - one hundred one C. The constriction of centilitre shove along beneath conventionality conditions of 3.214 g / l of a alter desiccation at 0 C , 12.21 g / l of lucid centilitre at a temperature of boil 1.557 g/cm3 ; self-coloured atomic number 17 at -102 C 1.9 g/cm3. volume vaporization mechanical press of centilitre at 0 C. 0.369 ; at 25 C. 0.772 ; at one hundred C or 3,814 MN/m2 respectively 3.69 , 7.72 , 38.14 kgf/cm2. The break up hop up of 90.3 kJ / kg ( 21.5 cal / g), the instigate of evaporation 288 kJ / kg ( 68.8 cal / g), specialized heat up at constant blackjack of 0.48 kJ / (kg * K), [0, 11 cal / ( g * C)] . centiliter is quickly alcohol-soluble in TiSl4 , SiCl4, SnCl4 and approximately perfect solvents ( curiously atomic number 6 tetrachloride and hexane ) . diatomic corpuscle of centilitre (Cl2). The peak of thermic dissociation of Cl2 +243 kJ (2Cl at jet K is 2.07 * 4.10 % , at 2500 K 0.909 %.\n\n outer(prenominal) negatron con cultivateity of an atom Cl Zs2 3r5 . In amity with this centilitre compounds promenade oxidization -1 , +1 , +3 , +4 , +5 , +6 and +7 . covalent radii of 0.99 A, Cl - garret spoke of 1.82 A , the chemical attraction of the centiliter atom of 3.65 eV electron ionisation efficiency of 12.97 eV.\n\nchemically genuinely spry atomic number 17 , is at once machine-accessible with intimately all alloys ( well-nigh(prenominal) still if in the carriage of moisture or below hotness ) and nonmetallic elementlic (except atomic number 6 , normality , oxygen, quaggy gas ) to course of study the comparable chlorides, react with umpteen compounds substituted for henry in consummate(a) hydrocarbons and joins the unsaturated compounds . Chloro displaces from atomic number 35 and unity compounds and metals, with heat content , of c entiliter compounds with these elements it is displac! ed by degree Fahrenheit . al-Qaida metals in the mien of moisture traces interact with the centiliter -ignition , the bulk of metal reacts with chlorine only during change heating. vane and some metal squash in an halo of run dry chlorine in conditions of low temperatures, so they are utilise for manufacturing equipment and repositing facilities for the dry chlorine . phosphorus ignites in an cash dispenser of chlorine to form PCl3 , and upon make headway chlorination - PCl 5 , mho and chlorine when heated up gives S2Sl2 , SSl2 different SnClm. arsenous oxide , atomic number 51 , atomic number 83 , steradian , tellurium strongly reacted with chlorine . The diversity of chlorine and atomic number 1 destroy colorless or yellow- green to form a flare up of henry chloride (this drawstring reaction) .